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UTILITARIAN FLORA
Their Families, Genus & Species (Binomial Names), Utility & OriginFrom: Simmonds, N.W. 1976. Evolution of Crop Plants. Longman, London & New York. Kingdom - FUNGI
Division - ASCOMYCOTA
Class - PEZIZOMYCETES
Tuber aestivum - Black Summer Truffle [Culinary fungus < Europe]
Tuber magnatum - White Truffle [Culinary fungus < Europe]
Tuber melanosporum - Black Truffle [Culinary fungus < Europe]
Tuber sinensis - Chinese Truffle [Culinary fungus < China]
Division - BASIDIOMYCOTA
Class - AGARIACOMYCETES
Agariacus bisporus - Common/Button/Portobello Mushroom [Culinary fungus < Europe]
Lentinula edodes - Shiitake Mushroom [Culinary fungus < E. Asia]
Pleurotus ostreatus - Oyster Mushroom [Culinary fungus < Europe]
Class - AGARICOMYCETES
Grifola frondosa - Ram's Head/Maitake Mushroom [Culinary fungus < Eurasia]
Sparassis crispa - Cauliflower Mushroom [Culinary fungus < N.W. America]
Domain/Superkingdom/Empire - EUKARYOTA
Phylum - RHODOPHYTA
Class - BANGIOPHYCEAE
Porphyra tenera - Korean Chamgim [Culinary seaweed < ]
Porphyra umbilicalis - Purple Laver [Culinary seaweed < ]
Porphyra yezoensis - Red Laver/Japanese "Nori" [Culinary seaweed < ]
Kingdom - CHROMALVEOLATA
Phylum - HETEROKONTOPHYTA
Class - PHAEOPHYCEAE
Family - FUCACEAE The Wrack Family - Seaweed
Fucus vesiculosus - Bladderwrack [Medicinal & economic herb < Global]
Kingdom - PLANTAE
Division - PTERIDOPHYTA - The Ferns, Whisk Ferns & Horsetails
Class - PTERIDOPSIDA
Dryopteris felix-mas - Buckler fern (Male fern only) [Medicinal herb (rhizomes) (expells intestinal worms)]
Class - EQUISETOPSIDA
Equisetum arvense - Field Horsetail [Medicinal herb < Europe]
Equisetum hyemale - Dutch Rush/Rough Horsetail [Medicinal herb (abrasive) < Europe]
Seed Plants
Division - GNETOPHYTA
Class - GNETOPSIDA
Ephedra distachya - Joint Fir/"Shrubby horsetail" [Medicinal (antihistamine) herb < Eurasia]
Division - PINOPHYTA - The Conifers
Class - PINOPSIDA
Cedrus libani - Atlas Cedar [Commercial & medicinal tree < Middle East]
Pinus armandii - Chinese White Pine [Culinary nuts < China]
Pinus bungeana - Lacebark Pine [Culinary nuts < China]
Pinus cembra - Swiss Pine [Culinary nuts < Central Europe]
Pinus cembroides - Mexican Pinyon [Culinary nuts < Mexico]
Pinus edulis - Pinyon Pine [Culinary nuts < N. America]
Pinus koraiensis - Korean Pine [Culinary nuts < Korea]
Pinus geradiana - Chilgoza Pine [Culinary nuts < E.Central Asia]
Pinus monophylla- Small-leafed Pinyon [Culinary nuts < N. America]
Pinus pinea - Stone Pine [Culinary nuts < Mediterranean Basin]
Pinus pumila - Siberian Dwarf Pine [Culinary nuts < Siberia]
Pinus sibirica - Siberian Pine [Culinary nuts < Siberia]
Juniperus Communis - Juniper [Culinary cones 'berries' < Europe]
Taxus baccata - Yew [Medicinal herb [toxic & used carefully] < Europe]
Division - MAGNOLIOPHYTA - The Flowering Plants
MESANGIOSPERMAE
Class - LILIOPSIDA - MONOCOTS
Family - ARACEAE - The Arum Family
Alocasia macrorrhizos - Giant Taro [Culinary stem & root vegetable (corm) < Australasia]
Colocasia esculenta - Taro/Cocoyam [Culinary stem & root vegetable (corm) < Australasia]
Xanthosoma sagittifolium - Arrowleaf Elephant Ear [Culinary root vetetable (corm) < S. America]
Family - AGAVACEAE - The Agave Family
Agave americana - Century Plant [Fibre (Medicinal steroids) < C. America & Mexico]
Agave sisalana - Sisal [Fibre < C. America & Mexico]
Family - ALLIACEAE - The Onion Family
Allium ascalonicum - Shallots/Scalion [Culinary vegetable < Near East]
Allium cepa (varieties) - Onion & (White Lisbon) Spring Onion [Vegetables < Central Asia/Near East]
Allium fistulosum - Welsh/Bunching Onions < N. Eurasia]
Allium Schoenoprasum - Chives [Culinary leaves]
Allium sativum - Garlic [Bulb cloves]
Allium tuberosum - Garlic Chives [Leaves]
Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum - Elephant/Levant Garlic [Culinary vegetable < ]
Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum - Leek [Culinary vegetable < ]
Allium scorodoprasum - Sand Leek [Culinary vegetable < ]
Allium tricoccum - Wild Leek [Culinary vegetable < ]
Allium ursinum - Wild Garlic/Ramsons [Culinary vegetable < ]
Allium wakegi - Spring Onions [Culinary vegetable < ]
Asparagus officinalis - Asparagus [Culinary shoots < Africa & Eurasia]
Asparagus racemosus - Shatavari [Rhizomes < Asia]
Aloe vera - Curaao/Barbados aloe [Medicinal herb < Afro-Eurasia]
Family - IRIDACEAE - The Iris Family
Crocus sativus - Saffron Crocus (Saffron) [Culinary & medicinal herb < Asia]
Convallaria majalis - Lilly of the Valley [Medicinal herb (Leaves & flowers) < Europe]
Dioscorea cayenensis - Yellow Yam [Culinary roots & rhizomes < Africa]
Dioscorea esculenta - Lesser Yam [Culinary roots & rhizomes < S.E. Asia]
Dioscorea macrostychya - Mexican Yam [Culinary roots & rhizomes < C. America]
Dioscorea opposita - Chinese Yam [Culinary roots & rhizomes < E. Asia]
Dioscorea rotunda - White Yam [Culinary roots & rhizomes < Africa]
Dioscorea trifida - Cush-cush Yam [Culinary roots & rhizomes < Guyana, S. America]
Dioscorea villosa - Wild Yam [Culinary roots & rhizomes < N. America]
Family - LILIACEAE Subfamily - LILIOIDEAE Fratilaria verticillata - Fritillary [Medicinal herb (bulbs) < Asia]
Smilax aristolochiaefolia - Mexican Sarsparilla [Roots/rhizomes < Tropical Pacificregions]
Smilax china - China Root (Sarsparilla) [Roots/rhizomes < Tropical Pacific regions]
Smilax febrifuga - Equadorian Sarsparilla [Roots/rhizomes < Tropical Pacific regions]
Smilax glabra - Chinese Sarsparilla [Roots/rhizomes < Tropical Pacific regions]
Smilax glyciphylla - Australian Sarsparilla [Roots/rhizomes < Tropical Pacific regions]
Smilax regelii - Honduran Sarsparilla [Roots/rhizomes < Tropical Pacific regions]
Cocos nucifera - Cocount [Culinary nut < Southeast Asia]
Elaeis guineeensis - Oil palm [Commercial oil < Africa]
Phoenix dactylifera - Date palm [Culinary fruit < N. Africa]
Ananas comosus - Pineapple [Culinary fruit < Tropical America]
Elcocharis dulcus - Chinese Water Chestnuts [Culinary rhyzomes < E. Asia]
Avena sativa - Oats [Grain, straw < Africa & Eurasia]
Cymbopogon citratus - Lemon Grass [Culinary, aromatic & medicinal herb < Asia]
Cymbopogon nardus - Citronella Grass [Culinary & aromatic herb < Asia]
Hordeum vulgare - Barley [grain < Near East]
Saccharum officinarum (etc.) - Sugarcanes [Stems for sugar < New Guinea]
Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum Sudan grasses [Grain, straw, forages < Africa]
Zea mays - Maize/Corn [Grain, forage < Americas]
Bambusa vulgaris - Common Bamboo [Culinary rhyzomes (bamboo shoots) < E. Asia]
Oryza sativa - Asian Rice [grain < Asia]
Oryza glaberrima - African Rice [grain < Africa]
Phyllostachys edulis - Moso bamboo [Culinary rhyzomes (bamboo shoots) < E. Asia]
Eleusine coracana - Finger millet [ < ]
Panicum miliaceum - Proso/Common Millet [ < ]
Panicum sumatrense - Little Millet [ < ]
Pennisetum americanum - Bulrush millet [grain < Africa]
Pennisetum glaucum - Pearl Millet [ < ]
Secale cereale - Rye [Grain, straw, forage < Near East]
Triticale (x Tritico-Secale) - Triticale [Grain (Modern intergeneric hybrid of wheat and rye)]
Triticum aestivum - Common Wheat [grain < Near East]
Triticum durum - Durum Wheat [grain < Near East]
Triticum monococcum - Einkorn Wheat [grain < Near East]
Triticum dicoccum - Emmer Wheat [grain < Near East]
Triticum spelta - Spelt Wheat [grain < Near East]
Musa spp - Bananas [Culinary fruit < Malaysia]
Afromomum melegueta - Grains of Paradise [Roots & seeds < Tropical Africa]
Alpina galanga - Siamese Ginger [Culinary herb (Rhizomes & oil) < Eurasia]
Amomum costatum/subulatum - Black Cardamom [Culinary spice seeds < Asia]
Amomum xanthioides - Bastard cardamom [Substitute Cardamom < E. Asia]
Elettaria cardamomum - Cardamom [Culinary & medicinal herb < E. Asia]
Curcuma aromatica - Wild Tumeric [Medicinal herb < Asia]
Curcuma longa - Tumeric [Major culinary & medicinal herb < Asia]
Zingiber officinale - Ginger [Culinary/medicinal/aromatic herb < Eurasia]
Class - MAGNOLIOPSIDA
MAGNOLIIDAE
Family - ARISTOLOCHIACEAE - The Wild Ginger Family
Arasum canadense - Wild Ginger (Canadian) [Medicinal herb (unlike ginger) < Canada]
Arasum caudatum - Wild Ginger (American) [Medicinal herb (unlike ginger) < America]
Arasum europaeum - Wild Ginger (European) [Medicinal herb (unlike ginger) < European]
Arasum sieoldii - Wild Ginger (Chinese) [Medicinal herb (unlike ginger) < E. Asia]
Family - PIPERACEAE - The Peppercorn Family
Piper nigrum - Black pepper [Culinary spice seeds < India]
Canella winterana - W. Indian Wild Cinnamon [Culinary, aromatic & medicinal herb < W. Indies]
Family - LAURACEAE - The Laurel Family
Aniba roseadora - Cara-cara/Rosewood [Timber/fragrant oil < C. America
Cinamomum camphora - Camphor [Multi-purpose medicinal herb < Asia]
Cinamomum cassia - Chinese Cinnamon [Culinary & medicinal herb < Asia]
Cinamomum zeylanicum - Cinnamon [Major culinary & medicinal herb < Asia]
Persea americana - Avocado [Culinary fruit < C. America]
Annona cherimola - Cherimoya [Culinary fruit < S. America]
Annona muricata - Soursop/Guanábana/Graviola [Culinary fruit < C. America & Caribbean]
Annona reticulata - Custard Apple [Culinary fruit < S. America]
Annona squamosa - Sweetsop [Culinary fruit < S. & Central America]
Asimina triloba - Common Pawpaw [Culinary fruit < N.E. America]
Myristica fragrans - Common Nutmeg & Mace [Culinary spice < Indonesia]
Myristica malabarica - Bombay Nutmeg [Culinary spice < India]
Euryale ferox - Chinese Foxnut (Prickley Waterlilly) [Culinary (seeds) & medicinal herb < E. Asia]
DICOTYLEDONAE
Order - BUXALESOrder - PROTEALESOrder - RANUNCULALES Berberis vulgaris - Common barberry [Fruit/Culinary & medicinal herb < Asia]
Fumaria officinalis - Fumitory/"wax dolls" [Medicinal herb < Europe]
Eschscholzia californica - Californian Poppy [Medicinal herb < N.W. America]
Papaver rhoeas - Corn/Field Poppy [Culinary seeds < Europe]
Papaver somniferum - Opium Poppy [Medicinal flower sap < Asia]
Delphinium staphisagria - Stavescare [Medicinal herb (Roman parasiticide; head-lice)]
CORE EUDICOTYLEDONAE (TRUE DICOTS)
Family - AMARANTHACEAE - The Amaranth Family
Amaranthus spp - Grain Amaranths [Culinary seeds/leaves/whole plant < The Americas]
Amaranthus hypochondriacys - Prince's Feather [Culinary & medicinal herb < Tropical America]
Achyranthes bidentata - Two-toothed Amaranths [Roots, leaves & stems < China]
Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris convar. cicla var. cicla - Spinach Beet [Culinary vegetable < Mediterranean Basin]
Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris convar. cicla var. flaviscens - Swiss Chard [Culinary vegetable < Mediterranean Basin]
Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris convar. altissima - Sugar Beet [Culinary & Fodder Vegetable < Mediterranean Basin]
Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris convar. crassa - Mangelwurzel [Culinary & Fodder Vegetable < Mediterranean Basin]
Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris convar. vulgaris - Beetroot [Culinary & Fodder Vegetable < Mediterranean Basin]
Spinacea oleracea - Spinach [Culinary leaf Vegetable < ?]
Atriplex hortensis - Garden Orache [Culinary & medicinal herb < Varieties Worldwide]
Atriplex nummularia - Australian Orache [Culinary & medicinal herb < Australia]
Atriplex halimus - Sea Orache [Commercial crop < Africa]
Atriplex patula - Common/European Orache (like spinach) [Culinary leaf vegetable < Europe]
Chenopodium spp - Quinoa & relatives [Culinary grain < C.& S. America]
Chenopodium ambrosioides - Wormseed [Culinary & medicinal (incecticidal) herb < C. America]
Family - CARYOPHYLLACEAE - The Carnation Family
Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnation [Culinary & Ornamental flowers & aromatic herb < E. Asia]
Dianthus chinensis - Chinese Pinks [Medicinal herb < E. Asia]
Fagopyrum esculentum - Buckwheat [Grain ("groats") < Temperate eastern Asia]
Rumex acetosa - Sorrel [Culinary herb (leaves) < Eurasia]
Rumex acetosella - Sheep/Wild Sorrel [Medicinal herb (leaves) < Eurasia]
Rumex crispus - Curled/Yellow Dock [Medicinal herb (leaves) < Eurasia]
Rumex obtusifolius - Broad-leafed Dock [Medicinal herb (leaves) < Eurasia]
Rumex scutatus - French Sorrel [Culinary herb (leaves) < Eurasia]
Rheum rhabarbarum - Rhubarb [Culinary vegetable (stems) < China]
Ribes nigrum - Blackcurrant [Culinary fruit < Europe]
Ribes rubrum - Redrurrant/Pinkcurrant/Whitecurrant [Culinary fruit < Europe]
Ribes divaricatum - Worcesterberry [Culinary fruit < Europe]
Ribes uva-crispa var. reclinatum - Gooseberry [Culinary fruit < Europe]
Ribes x culverwellii - Jostaberry [Culinary fruit < Europe]
Saxifraga stolonifera - Creeping Saxifrage [Culinery Herb (Japan) < Eurasia]
Saxifraga oppositifolia - Purple Saxifrage [Culinery Herb; flowers < Europe]
Vitis Muscadinia - Grapes [Culinary Fruit < Middle Asia]
Clade - EUROSIDAE I - "FABIDAE" Family - CUCURBITACEAE - The Gourd Family
Benincasa hispida - Wax gourd [Fruit, seeds & rind wax < E. Asia]
Bryonia dioica - Red Bryony (English Mandrake) [Medicinal herb (roots) < Europe]
Bryonia alba - White Bryony [Medicinal herb (roots) < Europe]
Citrullus lanatus - Water Melon [Culinary Fruit < South Africa]
Citrullus colocynthis - colocynth (Desert Vine) [Herbal Fruit < Eastern Med.]
Cucumis colocynthis - Bitter Cucumber [Culinary fruit (Medicinal herb) < India & Middle-East]
Cucumis anguria - W. Indian Burr Gherkin [Culinary fruit < India & Middle-East]
Cucumis melo - Sweet Melons, Cantaloupes & Ogen [Culinary Fruit < India & Middle-East]
Cucumis sativus - Cucumber, Gherkin [Culinary fruit < India & Middle-East]
Cucurbita maxima - Pumpkin & Winter Squashes [Fruit < C./S. America]
Cucurbita moschata - Winter Squash [Fruit < C./S. America]
Cucurbita mixta - Pumpkin/Squash [Fruit < C./S. America]
Cucurbita pepo - Summer Squash, Marrow, Courgette/Zucchini [Fruit < C./S. America]
Ecballium elaterium - Squirting Cucumber [Medicinal fruit < Eurasia]
Lagenaria niceraria - Musk Melon
Family - DATISCACEAE - The Datisca Family
Datisca cannabina - Datisca [Medicinal herb & dye < Asia]
Family - FABACEAE - The Pea Family
Acacia senegal - Gum Arabic [Resin (Addative; chewing gum/sweets) < India]
Arachis hypogaea - Peanut/Groundnut [Culinary nut < S. America]
Aspalathus linearis - Rooibos (Tea) [Caffeine-free, medicinal tea < E. Asia]
Astragalus gummifer - Tragacanth [Economic herb (gum) < Eurasia]
Astragalus membranaceus - Milk Vetch [Medicinal/fodder herb < Eurasia]
Baptisia tinctoria - Wild Indigo [Medicinal herb < N. America]
Cajanus cajan - Pigeon Pea [Fodder grain < India?]
Castanospermum australe - Black Bean (Moreton Bay Chestnut) Seeds (beans) < Australia]
Cicere arietunum - Chickpea [Grain < W. Asia]
Cytisus scoparius - Broom [Medicinal herb < Europe]
Dipteryx odorata - Tonka Bean [Culinary (Seeds), medicinal & aromatic herb < S.C. America]
Elymus repens - Couch Grass [Medicinal herb (rhizomes) < ?]
Genista tinctoria - Dyer's Greenweed [Medicinal & economic herb (die) < Mediteranean]
Glycine max - Soya Bean [Grain; oil < China]
Lens culinaris - Lentil [Grain < Near East]
Medicago sativa - Alfalfa [Forage < Near East]
Phaseolus coccineus - Runner Beans [Culinary vegetable < S. & Central America]
Phaseolus lunatus - Lima Bean [Culinary beans < S. America]
Phaseolus vulgaris - French/Black/Kidney/Canellini/Haricot Bean [Culinary beans < Mid & S. America]
Pisum sativum - Peas [Grain < Asia & Africa]
Trifolium spp - Clovers [Forages < Eastern Mediterranian]
Vicia faba - Broad/Field Bean [Grain < Near east]
Vigna mungo -Urad Bean [Culinary Bean < India]
Vigna radiata - Mung Bean [Culinary bean < India]
Vigna unguiculata - Cowpeas [Grain, Vegetable, fodder < Africa]
Family - FAGACEAE - The Beech Family
Castanea sativa - Sweet Chestnut [Culinary nut & medicinal leaves < Europe]
Corylus avellana - Hazelnut/Cobnut [Culinary nut < Europe]
Corylus maxima - Filbert [Culinary nut < Europe]
Corylus colurna - Turkish Hazel [Culinary nut < Europe]
Family - JUGLANDACEAE - The Walnut Family
Carya illinoiensis - Pecan [Culinary nut < N. America]
Carya ovata - Hickory [Culinary nut < N. America]
Juglans regia - Walnut [Culinary nut < Europe]
Juglans cinerea - Butternut [Culinary nut <N. America]
Erythroxylum coca - Coca [Medicinal herb < S. America]
Aleurites spp - Tung [Oil for paints, varnishes < China]
Hevea brasiliensis - Rubber [Commercial sap < S. America]
Manihot esculenta - Cassava [Roots < Tropical America]
Ricinus communis - Castor [Oil for industry; medicinal < Africa]
Linum usitatissimum - Flax/Linseed [Oil and fibre < India]
Passiflora edulis - Passion Fruit [Culinary fruit < Mid & S. America]
Cannabis sativa - Hemp [Fibre; oilseed < Temperate Asia]
Humulus lupulus - Hops [Brewing < Europe]
Artocarpus altilis - Breadfruit [Fruit < Malaysia]
Ficus carica - Fig [Fruit < Southern Arabia]
Morus alba - White Mulberry [Fruit & Leaves < China]
Morus nigra - Black Mulberry [Fruit & Leaves < China]
Family - ROSACEAE - The Rose Family
Alchemilla alpina - Lady's Mantle [Medicinal herb (periods) < Europe]
Filipendula ulmaria - Meadowsweet [Medicinal herb (Druidic) < Europe]
Fragaria x ananassa - Strawberry [Fruit < Europe, N & S. America]
Fragaria vesca - Wild Strawberry [Culinary Fruit < Europe]
Sanguisorba minor - Salad/Lesser Burnet [Culinary herb < Africa & Eurasia]
Amelanchier alnifolia - Service Berry/Saskatoon [Culinary fruit < N.W. America]
Aronia melanocarpa - Aronia Berry/Black Chokeberry [Fruit < N. America]
Chaenomeles Japonica - Japanese Quince [Culinary & medicinal fruit < E. Asia]
Chaenomeles speciosa - Flowering Quince [Medicinal fruit < E. Asia]
Crataegus laevigata - Midland Hawthorn [Fruit - medicinal herb < Europe]
Crataegus monogyna - Common Hawthorn [Fruit - medicinal herb < Europe]
Crataegus pinnatifida - Chinese Haw [Fruit - medicinal herb < S.E. Asia]
Cydonia oblonga - Quince [Culinary fruit < Asia minor]
Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat [Fruit < E. Asia]
Malus Domestica - Apple [Fruit < Asia Minor, C. Asia]
Mespilus germanica - Common Medlar [Culinary fruit < Iran]
Pyrus communis - Pear [Fruit < Asia Minor, C. Asia]
Pyrus pyrifolia - Asian Pear [Fruit < ]
Raphiolepsis umbellata – Yeddo Hawthorn [Culinary fruits < Japan]
Rosa canina - Dog Rose [Culinary & medicinal hips/haws < Near East]
Rosa gallica var. officinalis - Apothecary's Rose [Culinary & Commercial petals & oils < Near East]
Sorbus domestica - Service Tree/Sorb [Culinary fruits < S. Europe]
Prunus avium - Sweet Cherry [Fruit < C. U Asia, China, N. America]
Prunus armeniaca - Apricot [Fruit < C. Asia, China, N. America]
Prunus cerasus - Dwarf/Sour Cherry [Fruit < C. Asia, China, N. America]
Prunus cerasifera - Cherry-plum [Culinary fruit < Europe & S.W. Asia]
Prunus domestica - Plum [Fruit < C. Asia, China, N. America]
Prunus dulcis - Almond [Fruit Seed (Nut) < C. Asia, China, N. America]
Prunus x gondouinii - Duke Cherry [Fruit < C. Asia, China, N.America]
Prunus insititia - Damson/Bullace [Fruit < C. Asia, China, N. America]
Prunus maritima - Beach Plum [Culinary Fruit < N.E. America]
Prunus persica var. nectarina - Nectarine [Fruit < C. Asia,China, N. America]
Prunus persica - Peach [Fruit < C. Asia, China, N. America]
Prunus spinosa - Blackthorn (Sloe) [Culinary fruit < Europe & W. Asia]
Agrimonia eupatoria - Agrimony [Medicinal herb (wounds) < Europe]
Rubus fruticosis - Blackberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Rubus "Boysenberry" - Boysenberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Rubus "Hildaberry" - Hildaberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Rubus x loganobaccus - Loganberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Rubus idaeus - Raspberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Rubus "Sunberry" - Sunberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Rubus "Tayberry" - Tayberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Rubus "Tummelberry" - Tummelberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Rubus "Veichberry" - Veichberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Rubus phoenicolasus - Wineberry [Fruit < Europe, N.America]
Rubus "Youngberry" - Youngberry [Fruit < Europe, N. America]
Clade - EUROSIDAE II - "MALVIDAE" Family - BRASSICACEAE - The Cabbage Family
Alliaria petiolata - Jack-by-the-Hedge [Culinary & medicinal herb < Europe]
Armoracia rusticana - Horse radish [Culinary & medicinal herb < Europe]
Barbaria verna - Land Cress [Culinary leaf vegetable < S.W. Europe]
Brassica napus var. napbrassica - Swedes & oilseed rapes [Culinary roots & oilseeds < Europe or Med]
Brassica napus var. oleifera - Fodder Rape [Fodder & oilseeds]
Brassica campestris ssp. rapa - Turnips & oilseed rapes [Culinary roots & oilseeds < Med. & Asia Minor]
Brassica rapa ssp. Chinensis var. parachinensis - Bok Choi [Culinary flowering shoots).
Brassica oleracea var. capita - Cabbages/Collards [Culinary leaf 'head' < Med & Asia Minor]
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera - Brussels Sprouts [Culinary Axillary buds]
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes - Kohlrabi [Culinary swolen base of stem]
Brassica oleracea var. italica - Broccoli/Calabrese [Culinary immature inflorescences]
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis - Cauliflower [Culinary immature inflorescences]
Brassica pekinensis - Chinese Cabbage [Culinary elongate head]
Brassica junkea - Brown Mustard [Culinary spice, oil seed, leaves < Mediterranean]
Brassica nigra - Black Mustard [Culinary spice, oil seed & leaves < Middle East/Med.]
Sinapisi alba - White Mustard [Culinary spice < Asia]
Capsella bursa-pastoris - Shepherd's Purse [Culinary & medicinal herb < Europe?]
Cardamine pratensis - Bitter Cress [Culinary & medicinal herb < ?]
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa - Rocket [Culinary herb (Leaves) < Europe]
Lipidum sativum - Common Cress [Culinary herb]
Raphanus/Brassica sativus - Radish/Mooli [Culinary roots; leaves, seeds < Eastern Med.]
Rrippa nasturtium-aquaticum - Watercress [Culinary leaves < Europe]
Family - CAPERACEAE - The Caper Family
Capparis spinosa - Caper bush [Culinary & medicinal seeds & buds < Asia]
Capparis decidua - karir [Culinary seeds < Africa, Middle East & Asia]
Capparis masaikai - Mabinlang [Culinary seeds < Eastern Asia]
Crateva religiosa - The Temple Plant/Sacred Garlic Pear [Culinary Fruit < S.E. Asia & Australasia]
Carica papaya - Papaya [Culinary & medicinal; (fruit & leaves) < C. America]
Family - LIMANTHACEAE - The Meadowfoam Family
Limanthes alba - White Meadowfoam [Commercial Oil Seeds < N. America]
Bixa orellana - Annatto/"Lipstick tree" [Culinary, medicinal & commercial dye < Amazon Basin]
Ceiba pentandra - Kapok/"Silk-Cotton Tree" [Economic culinary, & medicinal tree < S. America & Africa]
Abelmoschus esculentus - Okra [Culinary Fruits (as vegetable) < Africa]
Alcea rosea - Hollyhock [Flowers (Less effective var. of the Marsh mallow)]
Althaea officinalis - Marsh Mallow [Medicinal herb (roots/leaves) < Middle East]
Gossypium spp - Cotton [Commercial seed hairs < Tropical America, Africa]
Theobroma cacao - Cacao [Seeds from fruit < S. America]
Corchorus olitorius - Tossa Jute [Commercial fibre (for rope) < Africa/Middle East]
Corchorus capsularis - White Jute [Commercial fibre (for rope) < India]
Cola acuminata - Abata Kola nut [Medicinal herb (Seeds) < Africa]
Cola anomala - Bamenda Kola nut [Medicinal herb (Seeds) < Africa]
Cola nitida - Gbanja Kola nut [Major Medicinal herb (Seeds) < Africa]
Lawsonia inermis - Henna [Commercial herb (for dye) < S. Asia & N. Australasia]
Punica granatum - Pomegranate [Culinary fruit < Iran]
Trapa natans - Water Caltrop / Singhara [Culinary nut < Asia]
Feijoa sellowiana – Pinapple Guava [Culinary fruit < Central S. America]
Eucalyptus camuldunensis - Red Gum [Medicinal herb < Australia]
Eucalyptus citriodora - Lemon-scented Gum [Medicinal & aromatic herb < Australia]
Eucalyptus globulus - Blue Gum [Medicinal & economic herb < Australia]
Psydium guajava - Apple Guava [Culinary fruit < Central & S. America]
Syzygium aromaticum - Clove [Oil, spice < Indonesia]
Anacardium occidentale - Cashew nuts [Culinary nut & medicinal herb < India]
Mangifera indica - Mango [Culinary fruit < India]
Pistacia vera L. - Pistachio [Culinary nut & medicinal herb < India]
Family - BURSERACEAE - The Torchwood Family
Boswellia sacra - Frankincense [Aromatic & medicinal herb < Middle-East]
Commiphora myrrha - Myrrh [Medicinal herb < Africa, Middle-East & India]
Azadirachta indica - Neem [Potent insect repellant/medicinal herb < Africa]
Citrus amblycarpa - Djeruk Lime [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus aurantium - Seville (Sour) Orange [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus aurantiifolia - Lime [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus bergamia - Bergamot Orange [Fruit < E. Asia]
x Citrofortunella microcarpa - Calamondin/Philippine Lime [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus x paradisi - Grapefruit [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus limon - Lemon [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus maxima - Pummelo [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus medica - Citron [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus reticulata - Mandarin [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus reshni - Cleopatra Mandarin [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus sinensis - Jaffa (Sweet) Orange [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus unshiu - Satsuma [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus x tangelo - Tangelo/Ugli [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus reticulata - Tangerine [Fruit < E. Asia]
Citrus x nobilus - Tangor [Fruit < E. Asia ]
Dictamnus albus - Dittany (Burning Bush) [Medicinal herb (skin complaints) < E. Asia]
Galipea officinalis - Angostura [Culinary & medicinal herb < C. & S. America]
Ruta graveolens - Common Rue [Culinary & medicinal herb < S. Europe]
Acer saccharum - Sugar Maple [Culinary sap < N. America]
Aesculus hippocastanum - Horse Chestnut [Medicinal herb < S.E. Europe]
Dodoneae viscosa - Native Hops [Leaves < Worldwide]
Dimocarpus longan - Longan [Culinary fruit < Asia]
Litchi chinensis - Lychee [Culinary fruit < Asia]
Nephelium lappaceum - Rambutan [Culinary fruit < S.E. Asia]
Sapindus saponaria - Soapberry [Commercial fruit < Asia]
Family - CORNACEAE - The Dogwood Family
Cornus officinalis - Japanese Cornelian Cherry [Culinary Fruits ("Shan zhu yu") < E. Asia]
Family - ACTINIDIACEAE - The Kiwifruit Family
Actinidia arguta - Hardy Kiwifruit [Culinary fruit < E. Asia]
Actinidia deliciosa - Kiwifruit/Chinese Gooseberry [Culinary fruit < E. Asia]
Family - EBENACEAE -The Ebony Family
Diospyros kaki - Chinese Persimmon [Culinary (fruit) & medicinal herb < E. Asia]
Diospyros virginiana - Persimmon [Culinary (fruit) herb < Asia]
Family - ERICACEAE - The Heather Family
Calluna vulgaris - Heather [Medicinal plant < N. Europe]
Chimaphila umbellata - Prince's Pine [Culinary & medicinal herb < N. America]
Gaultheria procumbens - Wintergreen [Culinary & medicinal herb (leaves/oil) < N. America]
Vaccinium corymbosum - Blueberry [Culinary fruit < N. America]
Vaccinium macrocarpon - American/Large Cranberry [Culinary fruit < N. America]
Vaccinium myrtillus - Bilberry [Culinary fruit < N. Eurasia]
Vaccinium oxycoccus - European Cranberry [Culinary fruit < N. Hemisphere]
Vaccinium vitis-idaea - Lingonberry/Cowberry [Culinary fruit < N. America & Eurasia]
Camelia sinensis - Tea [Culinary & medicinal herb (leaves in tinctures) < S.E. Asia]
Family - BORAGINACEAE - The Borage Family
Borago officinalis - Borage [Culinary & medicinal herb < Eurasia?]
Eriodictyon californicum - Wild Balsam [Medicinal herb < N. America]
Asclepias tuberosa - Pleuricy Root [Medicinal herb < Americas]
Centaurium erythraea - Centaury [Medicinal herb (appetite inducer) < N.W. America]
Family - RUBIACEAE - The Madder Family
Cinchona pubescens - Quinine [Medicinal herb (Malaria) < Andes]
Cinchona calisaya/ledgeriana - Yellow Cinchona [Medicinal herb (Malaria) < Andes]
Coffea arabica - Arabian Coffee [Seeds < Ethiopia]
Coffea canephoria - Robusta Coffee [Seeds < Ethiopia]
Coffea liberica - Malaysian Coffee [Seeds < Malasia]
Galium aparine - Goosegrass (Sticky Wil y) [Culinary & medicinal herb (whole plant & Seeds) < Eurasia]
Galium odoratum - Woodruff [Culinary, aromatic & medicinal herb < Eurasia]
Galium verum - Lady's Bedstraw [Medicinal herb < Eurasia]
Gardenia augusta - Gardenia [Culinary & medicinal herb (Fruit - 'zhi zi') < E. Asia]
Calamintha nepeta - Lesser Calamint [Medicinal herb (anti-depressant & causes abortions) < Europe]
Calamintha sylvatica - Common Calamint [Culinary & medicinal herb (as above) < Europe]
Hyssopus officinalis - Hyssop [Culinary, commercial & medicinal herb < Mediterranean Basin]
Lavandula augustifolia - Common/True Lavender [Culinary & commercial herb < Mediterranean Basin]
Melissa officinalis - Lemon Balm [Culinary & medicinal herb < ?]
Mentha citrata - Bergamot Mint [Culinary herb < Worldwide]
Mentha gracilis - Ginger Mint [Culinary herb < Worldwide]
Mentha x piperata - Peppermint [Culinary herb < Worldwide]
Mentha spicata - Spearmint [Culinary herb < Worldwide]
Mentha suaveolens - Apple & Pinapple Mints [Culinary herb < Worldwide]
Monarda didyma - Bergamot [Culinary herb < N. America?]
Ocimum basilicum - Basil [Culinary herb < Iran & Central Asia]
Origanum majorana - Majoram [Culinary herb < Mediterranean Basin]
Origanum onites - Pot Majoram/Cretan Oregano [Culinary herb < Mediterranean Basin]
Origanum vulgaris - Oregano [Culinary herb < Mediterranean Basin]
Rosemarinus officinalis - Rosemary [Culinary herb < Mediterranean]
Salvia officinalis - Common Sage [Culinary herb < Mediterranean Basin]
Saturia montana - Winter Savory [Culinary herb < S. Europe]
Saturia hortensis - Summer Savory [Culinary herb < S. Europe]
Thymus vulgaris - Common Thyme [Culinary herb < ?]
Forsythia suspensa - Weeping Forsythia [Fruits (lian quiao) < Asia]
Fraxinus excelsior - Common Ash [Medicinal herb < Europe]
Fraxinus ornus - Manna Ash [Sap (Mana syrup) < Europe/Mediteranean]
Jasminum officinale - Common Jasmine [Commercial herb < Asia]
Jasminum sambac - Arabian Jasmine [Culinary & commercial herb < Asia]
Olea europaea - Olive [Fruit/Oil (olives) < Near East]
Sesamum indicum - Sesame [Oilseed < ?Ethiopia or India]
Family - SCROPHULARIACEAE - The Figwort Family
Digitalis lantana - Wooly Foxglove [Medicinal herb (heart-conditions - toxic in excess) < Europe]
Euphrasia officinalis - Eyebright [Medicinal herb < Europe]
Aloysia triphyla - Lemon Verbena [Culinary/medicinal/aromatic herb < S. America]
Ipomea batatas - Sweet potato [Culinary tubers < Mexico, C. or S. America]
Atropa belladonna - Deadly Nightshade [Essential, narcotic medicinal herb < Europe]
Capsicum annum var. annum - Sweet/Bell & Chili Peppers [Culinary Fruits < C. & S. America]
Capsicum baccatum - Cultivar Peppers [Fruits < C. & S. America]
Capsicum chinense - Wild Peppers [Fruits < West Indies]
Capsicum frutescens - Tobasco Peppers [Fruits < C. America]
Capsicum pubescens - Tree Peppers [Fruits (perennial tree) < C. America]
Datura stramomium - Thorn Apple [Medicinal herb (Leaves & seeds) < ]
Lycium barbarum - Northern Goji/Wolfberry [Culinary & medicinal fruit < N. China]
Lycium chinense - Southern Goji/Wolfberry [Culinary & medicinal fruit < S. China]
Nicotinia tabacum - Tobacco [Commercial leaves < Americas]
Physalis peruviana - Cape Gooseberry [ < ]
Physalis philadelphica - Tomatillo [Culinary fruit < S. America]
Solanum betaceum - Tamarillo/"Tree Tomato" [Culinary fruits < S. America]
Solanum lycoperscion - Tomato [Culinary Fruit < S. America]
Solanum melongena - Aubergine/Egg Plant [Culinary fruit < India]
Solanum muricatum - Pepino/Melon Pear [Culinary fruit < S. America]
Solanum torvum - Turkey Berry [Culinary fruit < Asia]
Solanum tuberosum - Potatoes [Tubers < Bolivia-Peru]
Clade - EURASTERIDAE II "CAMPANULIDAE" Aegopodium podagraria - Ground Elder [Leaves & roots < Europe]
Apium graveolens - Celery [Culinary vegetable <Eurasia]
Anethum graveolens - Dill [Leaves/seeds/oil < Middle East]
Angelica archangelica - Angelica [Culinary/medicinal herb < Eurasia]
Anthriscus cerefolium - Chervil [Culinary/medicinal herb (memory/depression) < ]
Carum copticum - Caraway [Culinary & medicinal herb < ?]
Centella asiatica - Gotu Cola [Culinary & medicinal herb < Africa & India]
Conium maculatum - Hemlock (Poison Parsely) [Medicinal (lethally toxic) herb < Eurasia]
Coriandrum sativum - Coriander [Culinary & medicinal herb < ?]
Crithmum maritimum - Samphire (Sea Fennel) [Culinary & medicinal herb < ?]
Cuminun cyminum - Cumin [Seeds - culinary & medicinal herb < India]
Daucus carota - Wild Carrot [Root vegetable & aromatic herb < Europe]
Daucus carota subsp. sativus - Carrot [Root vegetable < Europe]
Eryngium foetidum - Culantro (False Coriander) [Culinary (leaves roots) herb < Americas]
Eryngium maritimum - Eryngo [Culinary (roots) herb < Europe]
Ferula assa-foetida - Giant Fennel [Culinary & medicinal herb < Asia]
Foeniculum vulgare - Common Fennel [Culinary & medicinal herb < Mediterranian]
Levisticum officinale - Lovage [Culinary & Medicinal herb < Eurasia]
Pastinaca sativa - Parsnip [Culinary root vegetable < Eurasia]
Petroselinum crispum - Parsley [Culinary herb < Europe]
Petroselinum crispum var. neopolitanum - Flat Leaf Parsley [Culinary herb < Europe]
Petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum - Hamberg Root Parsley [Culinary root vegetable < Europe]
Pimpinella anisum - Anise [Culinary seed < E. Mediterranean]
Panax ginseng - Ginseng [Medicinal herb < Asia]
Family - ASTERACEAE - The Daisy Family
Achillea millefolium - Yarrow [Medicinal herbage < China]
Artemisia absinthium - Wormwood [Medicinal & culinary herb < Eurasia]
Artemisia dracunculus - French Taragon [Culinary & medicinal herb < Europe]
Artemisia dracunuloides - Russian Taragon [Culinary & medicinal herb < Europe]
Artemisia vulgaris - Mugwort [Culinary & medicinal herb < Europe]
Bellis perennis - Common Daisy [Culinary & medicinal herb < Global]
Calendula officinalis - Marigold [Culinary & medicinal herb (petals only) < Eurasia]
Carthamus tinctorius - Safflower [Oilseed < Near East]
Centaurea cyanus - Cornflower (Bluebottle) [Culinary, aromatic, medicinal & economic herb < ?]
Chamaemelum nobile - Chamomile [Culinary & medicinal herb < Europe]
Chrysanthemum spp - Pyrethrum [Insecticide < Asia & Europe]
Cichorium intybus - Chicory [Culinary & medicinal herb < Europe]
Cynara cardunculus - Cardoon [Flower - vegetable < Mediteranean]
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus - Globe Artichoke [Flower - vegetable & medicinal herb < Mediteranean]
Dendranthema x grandiflorum - Chrysanthemum [Medicinal herb < E. Asia]
Echinacea purpuria - Echinacea/"Cone Flower" [Medicinal herb (Roots/rhizomes) < N. America]
Eupatorium cannabinum - Hemp Agrimony [Medicinal herb < E. Asia]
Eupatorium fortunei - Thoroughwort [Medicinal herb < E. Asia]
Eupatorium perfoliatum - Feverwort [Medicinal herb < N. America]
Helianthus annus - Sunflower [Oil < ?]
Helianthus tuberosus - Jerusalem artichoke [Culinary tubers < USA]
Lactuca sativa - Lettuce [Culinary leaves < Old World]
Tanacetum parthenium - Feverfew [Medicinal/Culinary herb < Europe]
Order - CAMPANULACEAE - The Bell-Flower Family
Adenophora liliifolia - Ladybell [Culinary roots (Japanese cuisine) < E Asia]
Adenophora stricta - Ladybell [Medicinal roots (Oriental medicine) < E Asia]
Adenophora trachilioidis - Ladybell [Medicinal oots (Oriental medicine) < E Asia]
Sambuccus nigra - Black Elder [Culinary & medicinal flowers & fruits < Europe]
Lonica caerulea var. edulis - Blue-Berried Honeysuckle [Culinary berries < Russia]
Dipsacus sativus - Teasel [Commercial & medicinal herb < Africa/Eurasia?]
Valariana officinalis - Valarian [Medicinal Herb < Europe]
Valarianella locusta - Lamb's Lettuce [Culinary vegetable leaves < Africa & Eurasia]

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