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PREVALENCE OF DRUG RESISTANCE AND ASSOCIATED MUTATIONSIN HIV-POSITIVE PUERTO RICANS: SEX VARIATIONS Introduction: A cross sectional study was Luis A. Cubano, PhD; Lycely del C. Sepu´lveda-Torres, PhD; Greychan Sosa, BS; Nawal Boukli, PhD; Rafaela Robles, EdD; Jose´ W.
evolution of HIV-1 infection in Puerto Rico by Rodriguez, PhD; Lourdes Guzma´n, MT; Eddy Rı´os-Olivares, PhD monitoring the expression of antiretroviralresistance-associated mutations.
Methods: Samples were analyzed by using the Results: Mutations in the HIV-1 virus were impede viral reproduction is the presence women. Of these, 75.1% of men and 72.4% of women had HIV-1 with resistance to at least one medication. The average number of HIV mutations was 6.1 in men and 5.3 in women.
In 2002 and 2003, strains were most frequent- ly resistant to the antiretroviral drugs zalcita- specificity for the RTIs and PIs have been bine, lamivudine and didanosine, while in 2004, strains were most frequently resistant to zalcitabine, lamivudine, and efavirenz. The resulting in reduced treatment efficacy.4 T215Y, and M41L. The most prevalent muta- tions in the protease gene were L63P, M36I, lence of genotypic mutations in asample of Puerto Ricans infected with Conclusions: Significant differences between men and women were recorded in the levels of HIV-1 expressed mutations and resistance.
When comparing these results with data from 2000 and 2001, results indicate that expres- sion of resistant mutations has remainedconstant. (Ethn Dis. 2008;18[Suppl 2]:S2-132– lence, especially details about exposure to antiretroviral therapy, which is directly expand the data obtained by the study.
transcriptase is essential for viral repli- munology (LAC, NB, JWR, LG, ERO), Centerfor Addiction Studies (RR), Universidad cation and is required for the conversion Metropolitana, San Juan (LST); Department of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Puerto resistance is a major factor in treatment 798-3001 x 2150; 787-740-4390; luis.
[email protected] proteins that are necessary for the virus Ethnicity & Disease, Volume 18, Spring 2008 DRUG RESISTANCE IN HIV-POSITIVE PUERTO RICANS - Cubano et al and women in rates of viral resistance to highest rate of resistance to antiretrovi- resistance to ritonavir (P5.04), nelfina- reverse transcriptase resistance-associat- analysis, and x2 test was performed.
Statistical significance was set at P#.05.
transcriptase-specific resistant mutations Ethnicity & Disease, Volume 18, Spring 2008 DRUG RESISTANCE IN HIV-POSITIVE PUERTO RICANS - Cubano et al Table 1. Rates of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral drugs, Puerto Rico, 2002–2004 * Significant difference between men and women.
(24.1%), L10I (22.7%), and A71V(18.1%). Significant differences were Table 2. Frequency of the 10 most prevalent resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, Puerto Rico, 2002–2004 * Significant difference between men and women.
Ethnicity & Disease, Volume 18, Spring 2008 DRUG RESISTANCE IN HIV-POSITIVE PUERTO RICANS - Cubano et al Table 3. Frequency of the 10 most prevalent resistance mutations in HIV-1 protease, Puerto Rico, 2002–2004 * Significant difference between men and women.
resistance to various antiretroviral drugs infected with a drug-resistant strain. By average of five full years of data will help was conducted with only 80 subjects.
pretation (antiretroviral resistance). It is drugs in all four categories: nucleoside/ protease inhibitors, and integrase inhib- tional variation makes clinical decisions challenging.19 Therefore, it is necessary resistance mutations to assist physicians were resistant to at least one drug in our versions of the software that result from partners with virulent mutated strains.
reduction in mortality, the high rates of Ethnicity & Disease, Volume 18, Spring 2008 DRUG RESISTANCE IN HIV-POSITIVE PUERTO RICANS - Cubano et al after starting antiretroviral therapy in routine 14. Torres B, Valle´s V, Rı´os-Olivares E. Prevalence clinical practice. AIDS. 2005;19(5):487–494.
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8. Matos TD, Robles RR, Sahai H, et al. HIV 17. Little SJ, Holte S, Routy JP, et al. Antiretro- risk behaviors and alcohol intoxication among viral-drug resistance among patients recently injection drug users in Puerto Rico. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004;76(3):229–234.
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Ethnicity & Disease, Volume 18, Spring 2008

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