Si può desiderare di provare un trattamento naturale disfunzione erettile come un diverso per i problemi di costruzione. Al giorno d oggi ci sono diverse terapie sul mercato, ma un trattamento naturale disfunzione erettile è stato confermato qualche ora e ora di nuovo per dare risultati efficienti e permanenti. Cos è la disfunzione sessuale? L incapacità di sviluppare o sostenere una costruzione abbastanza lungo per fare l amore è chiamato disfunzione erettile, ED https://farmacia-senzaricetta.it/ o (maschio) problemi di erezione. Tutti gli uomini possono avere problemi di costruzione di volta in volta e gli scienziati considerano ED essere presenti se si verificano problemi di costruzione almeno il 25% del tempo. Alcuni fatti duri: ED Può essere dovuto a problemi emotivi. Stress, pressione, giltiness, depressione, bassa autostima e ansia prestazioni può essere la causa dei vostri problemi di costruzione. La ricerca ha confermato che il 90 per cento della disfunzione erettile è fisica in origine, non emotiva. L impotenza colpisce la maggior parte degli uomini durante la loro vita e può essere dovuto a troppo colesterolo, problemi cardiaci, diabete, ipertensione, fumo o alcol. Alcuni rimedi possono essere la ragione. Le questioni legate al movimento sono collegate. Se ti occupi dei tuoi problemi di movimento, hai piu possibilita di risolvere questo problema. Qui ci sono 5 consigli facili su come aumentare la circolazione: 1. Mangia i pasti giusti. Questo ti rendera il flusso sanguigno ovvio. Una grande parte di rimanere sani e anche mantenere il flusso sanguigno ovvio è legato al vostro piano di alimentazione quotidiana e quello che si mangia. Una buona cura per la disfunzione erettile è mangiare un piano a basso contenuto di grassi e grande alimentazione di fibre. Mangiare fibre tutti i giorni e questo viene scoperto in prodotti cerealicoli cereali integrali, frutta e verdura. Evitare il più possibile pasti pronti o pasti non sani. 2. Wonder herbal rimedi. Molti rimedi vegetali per ED eseguire bene come possono migliorare il movimento. Hanno molto meno reazioni avverse rispetto ai farmaci convenzionali e si svolgono in modo efficiente per migliorare hardons e la forza, troppo. Erbe naturali come Ginkgo Biloba sono utilizzati come una strategia per ED. Gli specialisti di erboristeria credono anche che le spezie o le erbe come noce moscata, portano al movimento intorno al corpo, tra cui il pene. 3. Vitamine naturali vitali. Gli scienziati sanitari hanno scoperto che una mancanza di supplemento è tipico tra gli uomini con ED in particolare vitamina A. Se si ha una mancanza del nutriente ossido di zinco, Questo è stato confermato per portare alla disfunzione erettile. Queste inadeguatezze derivano dal fatto che molti valori nutrizionali in quello che mangiamo piano non sono sufficienti. Aggiungere al vostro fabbisogno di nutrienti aumenterà la circolazione del sistema e migliorare questa condizione. Gli integratori alimentari sono completamente naturali, quindi non dovrete preoccuparvi dei rischi di reazioni avverse. Inoltre, queste vitamine naturali sono utili per il vostro benessere over-all. Oltre a questi vantaggi benessere, disfunzione erettile vitamine naturali e integratori costano molto meno di farmaci rimedi. 4. Esercitare. Fai una mossa e non un tablet vibrante. Camminare farà di più per migliorare e sostenere hardons di qualsiasi altra compressa chimica nel lungo periodo. Il fitness fisico manterrà bassi livelli di pressione e mantenere grandi stadi di movimento. Andando per un 20-30 minuti di movimento rapido ogni giorno, può affrontare questo problema e può sostenere la vostra libido senza l uso di qualsiasi farmaco. 5. Sottolineare. Questo è il peggior attaccante per problemi di erezione. Scopri diversi metodi per riposare. Alcuni metodi tipici per riposare includono la lettura di un libro, la meditazione, un bagno rilassante o allenamenti di respirazione. Sto solo imparando alcuni semplici allenamenti di respirazione che possono migliorare significativamente il movimento nel reparto pantaloni. Una naturale disfunzione erettile soluzioni di trattamento stanno diventando sempre più popolare con gli uomini. Questi rimedi a base di erbe sono preferiti perché non hanno reazioni avverse e sono confermati essere efficiente come il farmaco. La maggior parte degli uomini combattere parlano dei loro problemi, in particolare la disfunzione erettile come c è poca discussione sui problemi di erezione. La verita e che ED ha un impatto su piu di dieci milioni di uomini solo negli Stati Uniti. Non siete soli e l aiuto è disponibile.
Microsoft word - intellectual property article for sc.doc
The Rules have Changed The management of electronic research records is more important than ever before
Michael H Elliott Published in Scientific Computing May 2007
A patent provides rights to an inventor to restrict
The use of Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN)
the ability of others to make, use, or sell an
technology has risen sharply in the past four years,
invention. To obtain a patent, an inventor must
biopharmaceutical companies.i ELN has not only
government agency. In the scientific domains,
led to increases in laboratory efficiency and
laboratory notebooks are typically used as the
improved leverage of institutional knowledge, but
primary evidence to prove inventorship of a
also to enhanced protection of Intellectual
concept and the details of its first successful use or
Property (IP). Based on technology to manage
what is known as “reduction to practice.” The
the underlying electronic records, ELNs can
particulars of the research and associated dates
provide the access security, version control, record
and times are especially critical to the
authentication, and automated time stamping
establishment of proprietary rights in the United
States. The reason for this is that the U.S., versus
other countries, awards patents on a “first-
However, for even those who have implemented
inventor” basis rather than on a “first-to-file.” This
ELN, old habits die hard. Instead of a paper
puts the responsibility in the hand of the inventor to
printout glued onto a notebook page, data is
have accurate and corroborated records to prove
they created and successfully demonstrated the
application into the ELN. The originating records
innovation before others. Being so critically relied
are again left to be managed randomly, as the
upon, entries in a laboratory notebook must be
notebook page is entrusted to be the only record
clear to demonstrate how and when the work was
required to support a patent. For example, some
corroborated by a witness not involved with the
immediately, some are kept only as long as the
creating scientist is with the company, and others
may be kept for a year or longer. Additionally,
It is not atypical for copies of printouts from
over 70% of companies who have implemented
spreadsheets, instrument data systems, images,
an ELN still create paper printouts and apply “wet”
signatures of the author and witness or what is
computer to be cropped and pasted onto a
known as the “hybrid model”.ii In these cases,
notebook page. Except in areas that fall under
organizations have faith that paper records are
the control of 21 CFR Part 11, the original
sovereign and the underlying electronic records
are needed only for knowledge sharing amongst
haphazardly on local client computers or servers.
The researcher is left to their own devices to come
up with a mechanism for file storage and backup.
In December 2006, the risk of ignoring the proper
management of patent-supporting electronic
records changed appreciably with amendments
to the United States Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure (FRCP). These changes alter the
unless solely for impeachment, identifying
procedures of discovery, which is the process of
requesting, or compelling, information from one
party to another in a civil case. Based on the
category and location of, all documents,
realization that electronic records were the
electronically stored information, and
predominant source of corporate records, the
tangible things that are in the possession,
Judicial Conference of the United States
custody, or control of the party and that
the disclosing party may use to support its
environment. Since 97% of records have their basis
in electronic form, these changes effectively make
all discovery now electronic discovery or “e-
discovery.” This has a wide-ranging implication
“Any party may serve on any other party
which affects the retention of research data, IP
records management practices, organization of
inspect, copy, test, or sample any
Occurring before a trial, discovery can include the
designated documents or electronically
collection of laboratory notebooks, documents,
stored information — including writings,
presentations, or other information that is deemed
necessary to uncover evidence. Before the FRCP
changes, one party may have had the information
data or data compilations stored in any
in electronic form, but in most cases they could
medium from which information can be
produce it in another format, such as paper
obtained — translated, if necessary, by
printouts. The previous rules didn’t specifically
address the admissibility of e-records (however,
form, or to inspect, copy, test, or sample
patent cases have been won based on electronic
constitute or contain matters within the
scope of Rule 26(b) and which are in the
Changes in FRCP
In the amended FRCP, electronic records are now
explicitly classified as having the same weight as
paper records. Specifically, Rule 26(a)(1) A and B
land or other property in the possession or
specified in Rule 26(a)(1)(E), or to the
extent otherwise stipulated or directed by
Though one party may desire to provide only
paper printouts, the court can compel production
information that the disclosing party may
of the original source records. Despite a company
using a hybrid ELN model with printed and signed
requested data is not accessible, the court does
notebook pages, these pages are not only
redundant, but are now in effect unnecessary.
“A party need not provide discovery of
Those with a hybrid ELN are somewhat reducing
their risks as paper is another form of backup; but
sources that the party identifies as not
they are adding to the complexity of their research
reasonably accessible because of undue
processes. In fact, they may be causing other
problems. If changes are made to the ELN
discovery or for a protective order, the
database that are not being reflected in the
party from whom discovery is sought must
paper version, this makes it much more difficult for
show that the information is not
the user to explain to a judge or jury that they
reasonably accessible because of undue
have properly maintained their intellectual
burden or cost. If that showing is made,
property. Not only are they introducing doubt,
expense and efforts are doubled managing these
Rule 34(b) has implications for those allowing
scientists to individually manage data or for those
using scientific data management systems,
instrument data systems, LIMS and other electronic
Though “accessible” is not wel defined, this would
record generating technologies that may be used
be counter to the entire philosophy of an ELN –
in the creation of a new compound or product.
that research records are readily accessible. In
This is whether the data is transferred to an ELN or a
the CDS situation, if some are available and others
paper notebook. For example, you crop and
are not, how could it be that all records are not
reasonable accessible? It would be very difficult
printouts into your paper notebook. The other
to explain to a judge that the original source
party may want to re-analyze the data looking for
records could not be “reasonably accessible” from
peaks that could not be seen on small renditions
an ELN when scientists are using it to search and
pasted into the notebook, so they ask for access
share information every day. However, Rule
to the CDS raw data files. Because a lack of
26(b)(2)(B) could be used as a defense if you are
consistent data management practices, some files
using a paper notebook and have established
are available, some are not. The opposing
business practices and procedures that require
counsel now works to put doubt into the minds of
you to delete the source data after a specific
the judge or the jury that you have selectively
period of time. The key is to have consistent,
deleted data you thought would harm your case
organization. You can no longer let researchers
It is within the rights of the opposing counsel in
arbitrarily manage records that were generated
discovery to gather these records unless you can
for supporting a patent. The “Safe Harbor” clause
convince a judge that the records are no longer
accessible, it would be a major burden, they are
not needed, or the records are confidential
information with regards to other projects. If the
provide electronically stored information
lost as a result of the routine, good-faith
in this form and that they did not have any
operation of an electronic information
associated metadata for searching. In this case,
the magistrate agreed with the plaintiff saying that
TIFFs “differ in design and content from the
If you have established records management
materials plaintiff designated, are not identical to
practices that cal for the destruction of your
the documents shown to plaintiff, and contain less
research records on a published basis, e.g., once
information (especially about the documents
every five years, then this could be considered
themselves) than the originals.”iv In CP Solutions
“good-faith operation.” If you just by
Pte., Ltd. V. General Electric Co.v, G.E. produced
happenstance delete records, then this isn’t a
primarily TIFF images of files, including e-mails. The
routine operation of your business. A critical
Plaintiff protested, filing a motion for their
component of managing your scientific IP is to not
production in their native format. Coming before
only define your record management practices,
the FRCP rule changes, the judge in this case ruled
but to prove you actually follow them! If you are
that since the files were readable, TIFF wasnot prepared for e-discovery, you have significant
al owed, but any records that were not readable
risk of loss of your patent rights.
had to be produced in their original format. In the
2006 patent dispute, Nova Measuring Instruments, Ltd. v Nanometrics, Inc.vi, the defendant was
Record Production
compelled by the judge to produce all records in
If you are compelled to provide your patent
their native format including any associated
records electronically, what format do you
provide? There are conflicting historical cases as
to what a judge wil deem acceptable. Under the
The format allowed is very dependent on an
new rules, 26(f) instructs attorneys to attempt to
attorney’s ability to prove need of a specific
agree on a number of items at least twenty one
record type. At a minimum, if IP records are kept
days prior before a scheduling conference,
under your business rules, original formats should
including record formats and media type. Expect
be maintained along with a conversion to a
the other party to demand to know what records
standard such as PDF/A, TIFF, or human readable
you have for the invention, their formats, what
media it can be produced on, if there is any
software required to view them, any claims of
It is not only experimental data that requires
confidentiality (data that might also relate to
proper maintenance, authentication, security, and
another invention for example), and timing for
archiving. Other data sources can have a major
compliance before these discussions begin.
impact on your ability to support a patent. In Re Scott T. Jolley,vii Scott Jolley appealed the
There are a plethora of patent cases involving
awarding of a patent to Phillip McGraw for a new
electronic records where there was a lack of
ester lubricant. Jol ey claimed to have established
agreement on data format. Recently, Hagenbuch
conception of the lubricant on June 2, 1988, while
v. 3B6 Sistemi Elettronici Industriali was a patent
McGraw claimed to have done so on May 20,
case where the format of the electronic evidence
1988. Jolley contended that McGraw did not
was in dispute. Hagenbuch requested CDs and
have sufficient evidence to prove his asserted
DVDs of electronic records in their original format
creation date. But, McGraw produced an e-mail
but the defendant responded with TIFF images.
dated May 20, 1988 exchanged between him, his
Hagenbuch claimed the records were not usable
co-inventor, and other Dow employees discussing
the blending of previously patented compressor
lubricants for a new application use. Therefore, an
i 2006 Electronic Laboratory Notebook Survey
electronic record – an e-mail – was used to
Atrium Research & Consulting, Wilton CT USA
establish sufficient grounds for the critical date of
ii Electronic Laboratory Notebooks: A Foundation
invention creation and Jolley lost the case.
for Scientific Knowledge Management Edition III
Atrium Research & Consulting, Wilton CT USA
In summary, electronic records are increasingly
iii Cornell Law School “Federal Rules of Civil
being used in court proceedings throughout the
world. The December 2006 changes to the US
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure now explicitly
iv Hagenbuch v. 3B6 Sistemi Elettronici Industriali
address the admissibility of these e-records. These
S.R.L., Case No. 04C3109, 2006 U.S. District Court,
changes affect all organizations who file patents in
the US. It is essential to establish record retention
v CP Solutions Pte., Ltd. V. General Electric Co.,
policies, business rules, procedures, and controls
2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 27053 (Feb. 6, 2006)
for all records that support a patent, not just their
vi Nova Measur. Instruments, Ltd. v Nanometrics,
paper printouts. If not destroyed by such a policy,
Inc., 417 F.Supp.2d 1121 (N.D. Cal. 2003)
vii In Re Scott T. Jolley, 308 F.3d 1317, 64 USPQ.2d
maintained, authentic, accessible, and time
(BNA) 1901 (Fed. Cir. Oct. 29, 2002) (Interference Nos. 103525 and 103526)
stamped. If you aren’t ready for e-discovery, you
http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/federal/judicial/fed
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Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte BfArM • Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Al ee 3 • D-53175 Bonn Abwehr von Gefahren durch Arzneimittel; Stufe II Hier: Aprotinin-haltige Arzneimittel für die intravenöse Anwendung Gespräch mit Bayer Health Care am 02.11.2007 Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, hiermit ergeht folgender Bescheid 1. Für die o. g. Arzneimittel