216th ECS Meeting, Abstract #2903, The Electrochemical Society
determination of triamcinolone, a synthetic
A comparison of the voltammetric behavior between
SWNTs modified EPPGE and fullerene - C60 modified
EPPGE indicated that SWNTs modified EPPGE is more
sensitive. The electrode exhibited an effective catalytic
Rajendra N. Goyal*, Sanghamitra Chatterjee
response with good reproducibility and stability. The
effect of several parameters such as pH, square wave
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
frequency and steroid concentration were studied. The
square wave voltammetric response of the electrode to
triamcinolone is linear in the range 0.1 - 25 nM with a
detection limit and sensitivity of 8.9 × 10-10 M and 2.06
Triamcinolone chemically known as 9α – fluoro -11β,
µA nM-1 respectively. The method was applied for the
16α, 17α, 21 – tetrahydroxy -l, 4 – pregnadiene - 3, 20 –
determination of triamcinolone in several commercially
dione (I) is a synthetic steroid of the glucocorticoid
available pharmaceuticals and real urine samples obtained
family which is a mimic of natural hydrocortisone. It is
from patients undergoing pharmacological treatment with
one of the several derivatives of hydrocortisone widely
triamcinolone. A comparison of the observed results with
used in medical practice. It is an anti-inflammatory drug
HPLC analysis indicated a good agreement. The product
which is applied to the skin to relieve irritation, rashes
obtained after reduction of triamcinolone was also
and infection. It is used in the treatment of allergic
characterized using 1H NMR and GC-MS and the site of
disorders, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, skin
reduction is found to be carbonyl group at position 20.
The method described is rapid, simple and accurate and
can be easily applied for detecting cases of doping. The
method has an advantage that the common metabolites present in biological fluids do not interfere even when
present at concentration 100 times more than
triamcinolone due to the fact that determination is based
Due to potential positive effects on sport performance and the associated toxicological risks, the systemic administration of glucocorticoids has been forbidden by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) so that synthetic glucocorticoids including triamcinolone (I) are presently included in the list of doping agents. An edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE) modified with single - wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been used in the present studies as a sensor to determine triamcinolone, abused by athletes for doping. The surface of the modified electrodes was characterized by SEM. A well-defined reduction peak was observed at bare EPPGE having Ep ~1346 mV, whereas at fullerene modified EPPGE, the peak was observed at ~1268 mV. The EPPGE modified with SWNTs further shifts the Ep to less negative potential to 1232 mV as shown in Fig 1.
Fig 1- A comparison of square-wave voltammograms of 10 nM triamcinolone at pH 7.2 at (b) bare basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (BPPGE), bare EPPGE (c), fullerene modified EPPGE (d) and SWNTs modified EPPGE (e). Curve (a) is the background phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2) at SWNTs modified EPPGE.
Enforcement of Arbitral Awards againstRussian Companies outside Russia By Dr. Peter Stankewitsch, Attorney-at-Law, Baker & McKenzie (Frankfurt am Main, Germany) vention contains rules on the validity of arbitrationclauses - a topic that shall not be examined here -Before companies from different countries enterand on the recognition and enforceability (as op-into an arbitration agreeme
http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/article.pl?article_id=28921&seenIt=1Exelon Corp. is close to a deal to turn over its mothballed Zion nuclear power plant to an outside contractor that promises to clean up the North Shore site in 10 years — four decades faster than the current plan. Exelon says it now favors a fast-track cleanup over another option that's been on the table: ref
216th ECS Meeting, Abstract #2903, The Electrochemical Society