Das pharmakologische Profil von Sildenafil zeigt neben der PDE5-Inhibition auch eine geringe Aktivität an der PDE6 in der Retina. Dies erklärt visuelle Nebenwirkungen wie Farbsehstörungen, die gelegentlich auftreten. Die orale Bioverfügbarkeit beträgt etwa 40 %, mit einer hohen Bindung an Plasmaproteine. Das Verteilungsvolumen ist groß, sodass die Substanz rasch in verschiedene Gewebe gelangt. Die Metabolisierung erfolgt hepatisch und produziert einen aktiven Metaboliten, der die pharmakologische Wirkung ergänzt. Nebenwirkungen sind dosisabhängig und umfassen Kopfschmerzen, Hautrötung und Dyspepsie. Bei Vergleichen innerhalb der Wirkstoffklasse wird viagra original regelmäßig als Beispiel für eine Substanz mit schneller, aber kurzzeitiger Wirkung aufgeführt.

Central nervous system depressants

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS
Opioid Pain Relievers
Anxiolytics (also belong to psychiatric
medication category)
• codeine (in 222® Tablets, Tylenol® No. 1/2/3/4, Fiorinal® C,
Benzodiazepines
• heroin
• alprazolam (Xanax®)
• hydrocodone (Hycodan®, etc.)
• chlordiazepoxide (Librium®)
• hydromorphone (Dilaudid®)
• clonazepam (Rivotril®)
• methadone
• diazepam (Valium®)
• morphine (MS Contin®, M-Eslon®, Kadian®, Statex®, etc.)
• flurazepam (Dalmane®)
• oxycodone (in Oxycocet®, Percocet®, Percodan®, OxyContin®, etc.)
• lorazepam (Ativan®)
• pentazocine (Talwin®)
• nitrazepam (Mogadon®)
• oxazepam ( Serax®)
• temazepam (Restoril®)
Inhalants
Barbiturates
gases (e.g. nitrous oxide, “laughing gas”, chloroform, halothane,
• butalbital (in Fiorinal®)
• secobarbital (Seconal®)
volatile solvents (benzene, toluene, xylene, acetone, naptha and
hexane)
Buspirone (Buspar®)
nitrites (amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite and cyclohexyl nitrite – also known
as “poppers”)
Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics (also
belong to psychiatric medication category)
• chloral hydrate
• zopiclone (Imovane®)
• GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate)
• Rohypnol (flunitrazepam)
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS
Amphetamines
Caffeine

• dextroamphetamine (Dexadrine®)
Methelynedioxyamphetamine (MDA)
• methamphetamine (“Crystal meth”)
• methylphenidate (Biphentin®, Concerta®, Ritalin®)
• mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall XR®)
3,4-Methelynedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy)
(also has hallucinogenic actions)
Cocaine/Crack
Nicotine
Decongestants (alone or in combination with other
medications in allergy and cough and cold
products)
• phenylephrine
• pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)
Herbal Stimulants (e.g. ephedra)
HALLUCINOGENS
Indolealkylamines
Cannabinoids
(especially “THC”/tetrahydrocannabinol, found in marijuana, hash,
• DMT (Dimethyltryptamine, from the bark of the Virola
• LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide, “Acid”)
• LSA (d-lysergic amide, from morning
Anticholinergics
• psilocybin (“Magic mushrooms”)
• deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
• jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)
• scopolamine (Transderm-V®)
Phenylethylamines
Arylcycloalkylamines
• mescaline (found in peyote cactus)
• MDA (Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
• ketamine
• MDMA (Ecstasy, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
• PCP (Phencyclidine)
• PMA (Paramethoxyamphetamine)
• 2-CB (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine)
Salvinorin-A (from the plant Salvia divinorum)
• STP (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine)
• TMA (Trimethoxyamphetamine)
PSYCHIATRIC MEDICATIONS
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Typical (oral)
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
• chlorpromazine (Largactil®)
• amitriptyline (Elavil®)
• flupenthixol (Fluanxol)
• clomipramine (Anafranil®)
• fluphenazine (Modecate®)
• desipramine (Norpramin®)
• haloperidol (Haldol®)
• doxepin
• loxapine
• imipramine (Tofranil®)
• methotrimeprazine (Nozinan®)
• nortriptyline (Aventyl®)
• perphenazine (Trilafon®)
• trimipramine (Surmontil®)
• pimozide (Orap®)
• trifluoperazine (Stelazine®)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
• zuclopenthixol (Clopixol®)
• moclobemide (Manerix®)
• phenelzine (Nardil®)
Atypical (oral)
• tranylcypromine (Parnate®)
• aripiprazole (Abilify®)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• clozapine (Clozaril®)
• olanzapine (Zyprexa®/Zyprexa® Zydis/Zyprexa®
• citalopram (Celexa®)
• escitalopram (Cipralex®)
• paliperidone extended release tablet (Invega®)
• fluoxetine (Prozac®)
• quetiapine (Seroquel®/Seroquel® XR)
• fluvoxamine (Luvox®)
• risperidone (Risperdal®/Risperdal® M-Tab/Risperdal®
• paroxetine (Paxil® and Paxil CR®)
sertraline (Zoloft®)
ziprasidone (Zeldox®)
Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake
Depot (long-acting) antipsychotic injections
Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• flupenthixol decanoate (Fluanxol® Depot)
• desvenlafaxine (Pristiq®)
• fluphenazine decanoate (Modecate® Depot)
• duloxetine (Cymbalta®)
• haloperidol decanoate (Haldol® Depot)
• venlafaxine (Effexor® XR)
• paliperidone palmitate long acting injection
Serotonin-2 Antagonists/Reuptake Inhibitor (SARI)
• pipotiazine palmitate (Piportil® Depot)
• risperidone (Risperdal® Consta)
trazodone (Desyrel®)
zuclopenthixol acetate (Clopixol® Accuphase)
• zuclopenthixol decanoate (Clopixol® Depot)
Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors
(NDRIs)
Antiparkinsonian Agents
(for treatment of extrapyramidal side effects of
• bupropion SR (Wellbutrin® SR)
antipsychotics)
• bupropion XL (Wellbutrin® XL)
• benztropine (Cogentin®)
Noradrenergic/Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants
• biperiden
(NaSSAs)
• ethopropazine
• procyclidine (Kemadrin®)
mirtazapine (Remeron®)
trihexyphenidyl (Artane®)
• mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablet (Remeron
Non-Benzodiazepine Sedative/Hypnotics
(also belong to CNS depressants category)
Mood Stabilizers
• chloral hydrate
• carbamazepine (Tegretol®)
• zopiclone (Imovane®)
• lamotrigine (Lamictal®)
• lithium (Carbolith®)
Agents for Alcohol Dependence
• topiramate (Topamax®)
• valproic acid/divalproex (Epival®)
• acamprosate (Campral®)
• disulfiram (Antabuse®)
Adjunct in the treatment of mood disorders
• naltrexone (Revia®)
• L-tryptophan (Tryptan®)
Agents for Smoking Cessation
Anxiolytics
• nicotine (patch, gum, lozenge, inhaler)
(also belong to the CNS depressants category)
• varenicline (Champix®)
Benzodiazepines
• bupropion SR (Zyban®)
• alprazolam (Xanax®)
Opioid Substitution Therapy
• chlordiazepoxide (Librium®)
• clonazepam (Rivotril®)
• buprenorphine with naloxone (Suboxone®)
• diazepam (Valium®)
• methadone
• flurazepam (Dalmane®)
• lorazepam (Ativan®)
Opioid Antagonists
• nitrazepam (Mogadon®)
• oxazepam ( Serax®)
• naloxone (Narcan®)
• temazepam (Restoril®)
Barbiturates
• butalbital (in Fiorinal®)
• secobarbital (Seconal®)
Buspirone (Buspar®)

Source: http://knowledgex.camh.net/health_equity/interpreters/Documents/New_Drug_Chart_Glossary_November_2011.pdf