Sedation-icu

ASSESS THE NEED FOR SEDATION
IS THE PATIENT COMFORTABLE AND AT SEDATION GOAL?
1.
Assess the need for analgesia prior to beginning or continuing
a sedation regimen
2. Set a goal for sedation using the Riker Scale and regularly redefine for each patient
3. Search for correctable causes of anxiety/agitation:
SEDATIVE PROPERTIES: All sedatives possess amnestic effects and lack analgesic properties. Monitor for the development of hypotension and/or respiratory depression. Special precautions for
respiratory depression in non-ventilated patients receiving midazolam or lorazepam. Ventilation is required for use of propofol infusion
ANXIETY/AGITATION
DELIRIUM
HALOPERIDOL (Haldol ®)
SHORT TERM (≤ 48 HOURS)
LONG TERM (>48 HOURS)
• Preferred agent for delirium or
as an addition in patients poorly
controlled on sedatives
MIDAZOLAM (Versed®)
PROPOFOL (Diprivan®)
LORAZEPAM (Ativan ®)
• Preferred for acutely agitated patients
DO NOT BOLUS (increased hypotension)
• Preferred for long term infusion as it
secondary to rapid onset of action
For use in mechanically ventilated patients only
produces more reliable awakening
• Preferred in patients for long term sedation requiring and time to extubation with
• Assess patient for adequate response within 10 frequent neurologic assessments b/c of short duration prolonged infusion
• Assess patient for adequate response within 5 minutes from • Initiate continuous infusion at 1 to 2 • Preferred for short term infusion as it
produces more unpredictable awakening and
• Initiate continuous infusion at 5-10 mcg/kg/min titrate to • Equipotent Dose:
time to extubation with prolonged infusion
• Initiate continuous infusion at 1 to 3 mg/hr and • Warning: Allergy to eggs, lecithin, glycerin or soy bean oil titrate to achieve adequate sedation using May cause hypertriglyceridemia. Check triglycerides 2 days intermittent bolus therapy for breakthrough after initiation and every 2 to 3 days with ongoing infusion • Account for lipid provision from propofol (1.1 kcal/ml) in • Active metabolite may accumulate in patients • Caution with high doses > 10 mg/hr • Propofol may affect cardiac contractility in sub-populations with Clcr < 10 ml/min (lactic acidosis) Use a dedicated IV line and change IV tubing and propofol bottle every 12 hours (potential for bacterial overgrowth) ON-GOING ASSESSMENT & MONITORING
DAILY INTERRUPTION
WEANING SEDATION
Assess and document Riker Score at least every 2 hours in accordance with unit policy • Accumulation may occur with continuous infusion, systematic If the desired Riker Score is not achieved, bolus to effect and titrate the infusion upward tapering with re-titration is recommended to minimize prolonged (Exception: Propofol, do not bolus, increase infusion as necessary). If a clear source of agitation can be identified, administer bolus and continue current infusion rate • Consider scheduled or PRN dosing regimens for patients tolerating a If there is evidence of oversedation, decrease the rate or hold the infusion until patient minimal, consistent continuous infusion rate reaches the desired Riker Score (Exception: Do not abruptly discontinue propofol, • Withdrawal: Avoid abrupt discontinuation in patients receiving high
titrate down by 5-10 mcg/kg/min every 10 minutes to avoid rebound agitation) doses or infusions >7 days. Taper infusion down by 10-20% every 12- If desired level of sedation is maintained, re-titrate downward, at least once daily to find 24 hours to avoid the precipitation of withdrawal symptoms minimum effective dose and still achieve desired Riker Score (dysphoria, tremor, headache, nausea, sweating, anxiety, agitation, If inadequate response to sedative after exceeding usual upper limit of dosing range, myoclonus, delirium, etc.)
• Extubation: Wean infusion to lowest effective rate in attempts to
Insufficient analgesia (see Analgesia Algorithm) discontinue infusion prior to extubation (Caution with high dose Psychosis/delirium (assess the need for haloperidol) Patient with alcohol/drug abuse may require higher doses In accordance with HUMC MS Policy #520-14.1

Source: http://humcmd.net/documents/pinf/glos/sedation-icu.pdf