Si può desiderare di provare un trattamento naturale disfunzione erettile come un diverso per i problemi di costruzione. Al giorno d oggi ci sono diverse terapie sul mercato, ma un trattamento naturale disfunzione erettile è stato confermato qualche ora e ora di nuovo per dare risultati efficienti e permanenti. Cos è la disfunzione sessuale? L incapacità di sviluppare o sostenere una costruzione abbastanza lungo per fare l amore è chiamato disfunzione erettile, ED https://farmacia-senzaricetta.it/ o (maschio) problemi di erezione. Tutti gli uomini possono avere problemi di costruzione di volta in volta e gli scienziati considerano ED essere presenti se si verificano problemi di costruzione almeno il 25% del tempo. Alcuni fatti duri: ED Può essere dovuto a problemi emotivi. Stress, pressione, giltiness, depressione, bassa autostima e ansia prestazioni può essere la causa dei vostri problemi di costruzione. La ricerca ha confermato che il 90 per cento della disfunzione erettile è fisica in origine, non emotiva. L impotenza colpisce la maggior parte degli uomini durante la loro vita e può essere dovuto a troppo colesterolo, problemi cardiaci, diabete, ipertensione, fumo o alcol. Alcuni rimedi possono essere la ragione. Le questioni legate al movimento sono collegate. Se ti occupi dei tuoi problemi di movimento, hai piu possibilita di risolvere questo problema. Qui ci sono 5 consigli facili su come aumentare la circolazione: 1. Mangia i pasti giusti. Questo ti rendera il flusso sanguigno ovvio. Una grande parte di rimanere sani e anche mantenere il flusso sanguigno ovvio è legato al vostro piano di alimentazione quotidiana e quello che si mangia. Una buona cura per la disfunzione erettile è mangiare un piano a basso contenuto di grassi e grande alimentazione di fibre. Mangiare fibre tutti i giorni e questo viene scoperto in prodotti cerealicoli cereali integrali, frutta e verdura. Evitare il più possibile pasti pronti o pasti non sani. 2. Wonder herbal rimedi. Molti rimedi vegetali per ED eseguire bene come possono migliorare il movimento. Hanno molto meno reazioni avverse rispetto ai farmaci convenzionali e si svolgono in modo efficiente per migliorare hardons e la forza, troppo. Erbe naturali come Ginkgo Biloba sono utilizzati come una strategia per ED. Gli specialisti di erboristeria credono anche che le spezie o le erbe come noce moscata, portano al movimento intorno al corpo, tra cui il pene. 3. Vitamine naturali vitali. Gli scienziati sanitari hanno scoperto che una mancanza di supplemento è tipico tra gli uomini con ED in particolare vitamina A. Se si ha una mancanza del nutriente ossido di zinco, Questo è stato confermato per portare alla disfunzione erettile. Queste inadeguatezze derivano dal fatto che molti valori nutrizionali in quello che mangiamo piano non sono sufficienti. Aggiungere al vostro fabbisogno di nutrienti aumenterà la circolazione del sistema e migliorare questa condizione. Gli integratori alimentari sono completamente naturali, quindi non dovrete preoccuparvi dei rischi di reazioni avverse. Inoltre, queste vitamine naturali sono utili per il vostro benessere over-all. Oltre a questi vantaggi benessere, disfunzione erettile vitamine naturali e integratori costano molto meno di farmaci rimedi. 4. Esercitare. Fai una mossa e non un tablet vibrante. Camminare farà di più per migliorare e sostenere hardons di qualsiasi altra compressa chimica nel lungo periodo. Il fitness fisico manterrà bassi livelli di pressione e mantenere grandi stadi di movimento. Andando per un 20-30 minuti di movimento rapido ogni giorno, può affrontare questo problema e può sostenere la vostra libido senza l uso di qualsiasi farmaco. 5. Sottolineare. Questo è il peggior attaccante per problemi di erezione. Scopri diversi metodi per riposare. Alcuni metodi tipici per riposare includono la lettura di un libro, la meditazione, un bagno rilassante o allenamenti di respirazione. Sto solo imparando alcuni semplici allenamenti di respirazione che possono migliorare significativamente il movimento nel reparto pantaloni. Una naturale disfunzione erettile soluzioni di trattamento stanno diventando sempre più popolare con gli uomini. Questi rimedi a base di erbe sono preferiti perché non hanno reazioni avverse e sono confermati essere efficiente come il farmaco. La maggior parte degli uomini combattere parlano dei loro problemi, in particolare la disfunzione erettile come c è poca discussione sui problemi di erezione. La verita e che ED ha un impatto su piu di dieci milioni di uomini solo negli Stati Uniti. Non siete soli e l aiuto è disponibile.

Microsoft word - estradiol nacda final.doc

Estradiol
Salivary Estradiol Measurement in Wave I of the Social Life Health & Aging
Project
Authors:
Karl Mendoza, BS, University of Chicago, Department of Ob/Gyn
Mary Curran, Salimetrics LLC
Stacy Tessler Lindau, MD, MAPP, University of Chicago, Departments of Ob/Gyn and Medicine –
Geriatrics*
* Corresponding author. Fax: +1 773 834 5664.
E-mail address: [email protected] (S.T. Lindau).
Suggested Citation: Mendoza, K., M. Curran, and S.T. Lindau. (2007). Salivary Estradiol
Measurement in Wave I of the National Social Life, Health & Aging Project (NSHAP). Chicago
Core on Biomarkers in Population-Based Aging Research
http://biomarkers.uchicago.edu/pdfs/TR-Estradiol.pdf
Date: December 17, 2007
Contents
Rationale
Estradiol (17-beta-estradiol or E2), a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol, targets a variety of tissues, located in the female and male reproductive tracts, mammary gland, and skeletal and cardiovascular systems (Hall, Couse et al. 2001). Among women, it is primarily synthesized from testosterone in the ovarian follicles, whereas among men, it is produced by the testes and extraglandular conversion of androgens (Tivis, Richardson et al. 2005; Salimetrics 2006). In women, estradiol synthesis normally declines after menopause (Manly, Merchant et al. 2000; Meston and Frohlich 2000). This causes decreased vaginal lubrication and atrophy of the vaginal epithelium, due to diminished genital vasocongestion (Meston and Frohlich 2000). Though the role of estrogens in female sexual desire is not fully understood, they may influence sexual desire (Dennerstein, Gotts et al. 1994; Meston and Frohlich 2000); estrogen replacement therapy may indirectly enhance female sexuality, by restoring vaginal lubrication (Meston and Frohlich 2000) or promoting positive body image and overall sense of well-being. A number of studies have linked higher levels of serum estradiol to increased risk for developing breast cancer (Clemons and Goss 2001; Chlebowski, Hendrix et al. 2003; Tivis, Richardson et al. 2005) and coronary problems (Manson, Hsia et al. 2003; Tivis, Richardson et al. 2005). For women, higher estradiol levels have also been associated with improved cognition (Maki and Resnick 2000; Carlson, Zandi et al. 2001; Tivis, Richardson et al. 2005), mood, and memory (Tivis, Richardson et al. 2005). Estradiol’s effects on women’s skeletal health, however, are inconclusive. For elderly men, estradiol may have a role, in combination with testosterone and other factors, in preservation of memory and cognitive function (Barrett-Connor, Goodman-Gruen et al. 1999; Carlson and Sherwin 2000). Measurement
Sex hormone assays, particularly in the clinical setting, are typically performed on a serum specimen (Kaufman and Lamster 2002). Salivary measures have been developed and offer a relatively convenient and minimally-invasive approach for obtaining sex hormone data (Worthman, Stallings et al. 1990; Kaufman and Lamster 2002; Granger, Shirtcliff et al. 2004). These measures are representative of active, unbound steroid concentrations in the blood (Worthman, Stallings et al. 1990; Lu, Bentley et al. 1999). In the case of estradiol, good correlation between salivary and serum levels have been reported (Worthman, Stallings et al. 1990), including one study of people ages 18 to 28 (Shirtcliff, Granger et al. 2000) (n = 31) finding a correlation of r = 0.68 (p < 0.001), where a stronger, significant association was detected among women (n = 16, r = 0.60, p < 0.013) than men (n = 15, r = 0.60, p>0.05). Reported salivary concentrations, relative to free serum concentrations, have varied (Worthman, Stallings et al. 1990) from 0.2% to 7.90% (Lu, Bentley et al. 1999). In one study, salivary estradiol concentrations accounted for, on average, 1.65% of serum concentrations among men, and 3.33% among women (Shirtcliff, Granger et al. 2000). Among premenopausal women, salivary estradiol levels vary significantly across the menstrual cycle (Shirtcliff, Granger et al. 2000), with the lowest levels occurring during menstruation (Shirtcliff, Granger et al. 2000; Salimetrics 2006). Population Norms

To our knowledge, population-based, published literature on salivary estradiol levels, particularly
for postmenopausal women and older men, are limited.

Table 1. Mean Serum and Salivary Estradiol Levels
SALIVARY
Age Range
Perimenopausal women, mean age: 46.25 (SD = 2.63) *Women who were undergoing estrogen therapy had a significantly higher serum estradiol level (p < 0.0001) [1] Shirtcliff et al. 2000 [2] Tivis et al. 2005 [3] Lasley et al. 2002 [4] Randolph et al. 2003 Specimen Collection

All respondents were asked to provide a salivary specimen; 90.8% (N=2,721) agreed, 2,640
respondents were able to provide a salivary specimen. This involved production of approximately
2 milliliters of saliva (unstimulated passive drool) into a small, code-labeled polypropylene
collection vial via a 5-centimeter section of a household plastic straw, following procedures
recommended by Salimetrics, LLC. The procedure required approximately 5 minutes. The time of
last food or water consumption prior to saliva collection was recorded.
Storage and Shipping
The salivary specimens were transported from the interview to a freezer using cold packs. Salivary specimens were stored in a freezer until they were shipped. The salivary samples were shipped to the lab on dry ice according to instructions. Upon receipt at Salimetrics, specimens were stored at -80°C in lab grade freezers. Shipping Address 101 Innovation Blvd., Suite #302
(see Salimetrics Salivary Estradiol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit package insert for details http://salimetrics.com/pdf/HS%20Estradiol%20E2%20Kit%20Insert.pdf ) On day of assay, the specimens were thawed completely, vortexed, and centrifuged at 1500 x g (@3000 rpm) for 15 minutes. Clear samples were pipetted into wells. The enzyme immunoassay was conducted at Salimetrics, LLC. The assay range was > 1 pg/ml. Assays were conducted in the following priority order: 1) estrogen, 2) progesterone, 3) DHEA, 4) testosterone, 5) cotinine and underwent 2 to 3 freeze-thaw cycles: thaw #1: sex hormone assays
thaw #2: a subset underwent repeat sex hormone testing based on quality indicators
thaw #3: cotinine assay

Table 2. NSHAP Salivary Testing Performed at Salimetrics
detected
Interference likely if
Calibrator* Calibrator*
sensitivity
reported if
* Calibrator values are used to adjust instrumentation by establishing the relationship (under specified conditions) between known, standard values and the values indicated by a particular measuring instrument. See package insert for calibration curve. Scoring
Values reported in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). Assay range ≥ 1 pg/mL.
Performance Characteristics

A. Precision
Table 3.

Reproduced with permission from Estradiol Quantitative Immunoassay Kit, 1-3702/1-3712, 96-Well Kit, April 10, 2006 (Salimetrics 2006) B. Sensitivity
The lower limit of sensitivity was determined by interpolating the mean minus 2 SD’s of the optical
densities of 10 sets of duplicates at the 0 pg/mL standard. The minimal concentration of estradiol
that can be distinguished from 0 is less than 1.0 pg/mL.
C. Correlation with Serum

The correlation between saliva and serum estradiol in females was determined by assaying 11
matched samples. Samples were screened for pH and blood contamination. The magnitude of
the saliva-serum correlation, r= 0.80, p <0.001, is consistent with the literature, in that the saliva-
serum correlation is stronger among women, than men (Shirtcliff, Granger et al. 2000), and intra-
subject correlation is higher, compared to between-subjects (Ellison and Lipson 1999). The
conversion equation from salivary concentration to serum concentration for this particular
estradiol assay is:
Serum E2 (pg/mL) = 2.171*salivary E2 (pg/mL) +7.1846.
D. Specificity of Antiserum
Table 4.
Reproduced with permission from Estradiol Quantitative Immunoassay Kit, 1-3702/1-3712, 96-Well Kit, April 10, 2006 (Salimetrics 2006) E. Recovery
Table 5.
Reproduced with permission from Estradiol Quantitative Immunoassay Kit, 1-3702/1-3712, 96-Well Kit, April 10, 2006 (Salimetrics 2006)
F. Linearity of Dilution

Table 6.
Reproduced with permission from Estradiol Quantitative Immunoassay Kit, 1-3702/1-3712, 96-Well Kit, April 10, 2006 (Salimetrics 2006)
Quality Control (see Table 2)

Run on each EIA test plate were six (6) standard calibrators ranging from 2 pg/mL to 64
pg/mL and two sets of high and low controls. The control ranges were established using a
minimum of 10 sets of data points across 10 plates. The mean and standard deviations were
calculated and a range was established (mean +/- 2 S.D.). A sufficient number of assay kits
and controls were sequestered for the project to minimize any lot-to-lot variations over the
course of the study.
Subjects’ saliva samples were run in duplicate (saliva pipetted into side-by-side wells) on a
single EIA plate. Assay results for each subject were acceptable when the values: 1.) fell
within the range of the calibrators (2 pg/mL - 64 pg/mL) , 2.) were >1 pg/mL, and 3.) the
coefficient of variation (%CV) between the duplicate results (result 1 and result 2) was <15%.
In instances where the %CV between duplicates was >15%, results were accepted if the
absolute value between result 1 and result 2 was <2 pg/mL. Values greater than the upper
assay limit of 64 pg/mL were run on dilution to bring the OD readings within acceptable range
(2 pg/mL - 64 pg/mL). In instances when a sample returned an extremely high result,
dilutions were made up to 320 pg/mL and a flag (**) and comment “interference likely” were
added to the report. Samples with results < 1pg/mL were also repeated. Values falling
between 0.5 pg/mL and 1 pg/mL were reported and flagged (*) with the comment “below
lower limit of assay”. Estradiol values less than 0.5 pg/mL were reported as “none detected”.
Estradiol data were compiled in ExcelTM by the testing manager and checked for accuracy by
the technical supervisor before final reports were emailed. Data was supplied with
corresponding assay plate number to facilitate the calculation of intra-assay and inter-assay
control values.
Availability

Product Name
High Sensitivity Salivary Estradiol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit Manufacturer
Location of
Manufacturer
State College, PA 16803 USA 800-790-2258 (USA & Canada only) Catalog No.
References

Barrett-Connor, E., D. Goodman-Gruen, et al. (1999). "Endogenous sex hormones and cognitive
function in older men." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84(10): 3681-5.
Carlson, L. E. and B. B. Sherwin (2000). "Higher levels of plasma estradiol and testosterone in healthy elderly men compared with age-matched women may protect aspects of explicit
memory." Menopause 7(3): 168-77.
Carlson, M. C., P. P. Zandi, et al. (2001). "Hormone replacement therapy and reduced cognitive decline in older women: the Cache County Study." Neurology 57(12): 2210-6.
Chlebowski, R. T., S. L. Hendrix, et al. (2003). "Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health
Initiative Randomized Trial." Jama 289(24): 3243-53.
Clemons, M. and P. Goss (2001). "Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer." N Engl J Med 344(4):
Dennerstein, L., G. Gotts, et al. (1994). "The relationship between the menstrual cycle and female sexual interest in women with PMS complaints and volunteers."
Psychoneuroendocrinology 19(3): 293-304.
Ellison, P. T. and S. F. Lipson (1999). "Salivary estradiol--a viable alternative?" Fertil Steril 72(5):
Granger, D. A., E. A. Shirtcliff, et al. (2004). "The "trouble" with salivary testosterone." Psychoneuroendocrinology 29(10): 1229-40.
Hall, J. M., J. F. Couse, et al. (2001). "The multifaceted mechanisms of estradiol and estrogen receptor signaling." J Biol Chem 276(40): 36869-72.
Kaufman, E. and I. B. Lamster (2002). "The diagnostic applications of saliva--a review." Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 13(2): 197-212.
Lasley BL, Santoro N, Randolf JF, Gold EB, Crawford S, Weiss G, et al. The relationship of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and estradiol to stages of the menopausal transition and ethnicity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2002;87(8):3760-7. Lu, Y., G. R. Bentley, et al. (1999). "Salivary estradiol and progesterone levels in conception and nonconception cycles in women: evaluation of a new assay for salivary estradiol." Fertil
Steril 71(5): 863-8.
Maki, P. M. and S. M. Resnick (2000). "Longitudinal effects of estrogen replacement therapy on PET cerebral blood flow and cognition." Neurobiol Aging 21(2): 373-83.
Manly, J. J., C. A. Merchant, et al. (2000). "Endogenous estrogen levels and Alzheimer's disease among postmenopausal women." Neurology 54(4): 833-7.
Manson, J. E., J. Hsia, et al. (2003). "Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease." N Engl J Med 349(6): 523-34.
Meston, C. M. and P. F. Frohlich (2000). "The neurobiology of sexual function." Arch Gen Psychiatry 57(11): 1012-30.
Randolph, J. F., Jr., M. Sowers, et al. (2003). "Reproductive hormones in the early menopausal transition: relationship to ethnicity, body size, and menopausal status." Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology & Metabolism 88(4): 1516-22.
Salimetrics (2006). High Sensitivity Salivary Estradiol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit. State College, PA, Salimetrics LLC: 3.
Salimetrics (2006). Salivary Testosterone Enzyme Immunoassay Kit. Shirtcliff, E. A., D. A. Granger, et al. (2000). "Assessing estradiol in biobehavioral studies using saliva and blood spots: simple radioimmunoassay protocols, reliability, and comparative
validity." Horm Behav 38(2): 137-47.
Tivis, L. J., M. D. Richardson, et al. (2005). "Saliva versus serum estradiol: implications for research studies using postmenopausal women." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol
Psychiatry 29(5): 727-32.
Worthman, C. M., J. F. Stallings, et al. (1990). "Sensitive salivary estradiol assay for monitoring ovarian function." Clin Chem 36(10): 1769-73.

Source: http://biomarkers.uchicago.edu/pdfs/TR-Estradiol.pdf